Although Scandinavians are often celebrated as the vanguards of human rights and international law, we know very little about whether courts and judges in these countries have

embraced those international courts and conventions that they themselves helped establish after the Second World War. [...]

In recent decades, new international courts and other legal bodies have proliferated as international law has broadened beyond the fields of treaty law and diplomatic relations.

This development has not only triggered debate about how authority may be held by institutions beyond the state, but has also thrown into question familiar models [...]

The human rights based approach to development cooperation has found recent support from both development cooperation actors and NGOs active in developing countries. We set

out to define this approach, how it is applied, and to identify its central agents and principal components. [...]

In 2012 a new biobanking law came into effect in Finland which, according to some, is one of the most comprehensive and broad national biobanking legislations in the world

to date. The law covers both clinical and research collections and provides institutions with great flexibility in terms of transferring existing collections into [...]

In Germany, the UK, the US and the Scandinavian countries there is a distinct difference between direct and indirect (also referred to as contributory) statutory patent infringement.

The patent laws that regulate incursions on the exclusive rights of patent holders in these jurisdictions generally distinguish between direct patent infringement [...]

This article analyses the European Court of Justice's strategic use of deference as a resilience technique in the preliminary reference procedure. It focuses on the strategic

potential of using deference in two scenarios: first, when the Court uses teleological interpretation or expands the scope of the EU legal order and, second, when [...]

This article takes a critical look at potential human rights violations around access to late-term abortion following sexual assault in Danish law. Based on access to decisions

from the country’s regional abortion councils combined with interviews with members of the abortion councils, the article sheds light on how national legislation [...]

International migration law (IML) is famously fragmented, which provides fertile ground for comparative inquiry. However, this task is inhibited the heterodox nature of IML

as it draws on a composite body of law that is expressed in different concepts, interpretations and languages. [...]

In 1986, European Directive 86/609/EEC, regulating the use of animals in research, was one of the first examples of common legislation to set standards for animal protection

across the Member States of the former European Economic Community, now the European Union, with the aim of securing a level European playing field. [...]