The rapid digitization of welfare states is a global phenomenon, yet its impacts in developing countries, where inequalities and weak infrastructure persist, are poorly understood. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on the implementation of digital welfare systems in developing countries and their effects on social inclusion and exclusion, as well as on the citizen-state relationship. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic search across four databases: Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and ProQuest, for eligible studies. The review spans 25 years (2000–2025) to capture the full genesis and evolution of digital welfare as a distinct policy phenomenon, from early pilot programs to contemporary system-wide integrations. A thematic synthesis was employed to analyse 26 studies that met the inclusion criteria and methodological quality. The findings identify digital welfare as a double-edged sword: while capable of enhancing efficiency and transparency, it simultaneously creates new forms of exclusion for vulnerable populations. A critical finding is the indispensable yet often invisible role of human intermediaries who bridge the gap between digital systems and citizens. Furthermore, the integration of digital ID, datafication, and private actors is fundamentally transforming governance, often obscuring accountability and reshaping the social contract. The study highlights that the trajectory of digital welfare in developing countries is not technologically predetermined but contingent on political and design choices. This review concludes that to foster equitable outcomes, policy must prioritize rights-based, inclusive-by-design systems, robust regulation of private actors, and investment in the foundational pillars of digital equity.

PROSPERO Registration ID: CRD420251157370

Across OECD countries, policy frameworks to support disabled young people in their transition to adulthood remain fragmented, under-resourced and poorly aligned. This article examines how these longstanding weaknesses have been exacerbated by the shift towards personalisation in social care. Drawing on a three-year qualitative study in England and Scotland, we show that promises of choice, control and autonomy—central to personalisation agendas—have largely failed to materialise for this generation. Instead, the shift to more individualised support in a prolonged period of budget cuts has eroded the social care infrastructure, diminishing both collective provision and the spaces that enable young people to build friendships, identities and meaningful social lives. Our findings highlight how young people encounter reduced support as they move from children to adult services, with families often forced into protracted negotiations within increasingly sparse local care markets. The withdrawal of community-based provision, alongside inconsistent access to social workers and limited information, contributes to profound isolation and precarious transitions. We argue that personalisation, without adequate investment and collaborative infrastructure, can entrench inequalities and undermine the collective foundations of disabled people's advocacy. Rebuilding social care requires renewed attention to shared spaces, co-production, and resourcing that enables genuine independence.

The growing emphasis on corporate sustainability and environmental responsibility has increased the importance of aligning human resource management with organizational sustainability objectives. Despite the rapid expansion of research on Green Human Resource Management (GHRM), existing empirical evidence remains fragmented across constructs, mechanisms, and contextual settings. This study provides a systematic synthesis of 164 empirical studies applying structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the role of GHRM in shaping sustainability-related organizational outcomes. A total of 249 constructs are identified and classified into drivers, mediating mechanisms, moderating conditions, and performance outcomes. The findings demonstrate that GHRM functions as a system-level organizational capability that enhances environmental, social, and economic performance primarily through cultural, behavioral, and innovation-oriented mechanisms. Green organizational culture, employee pro-environmental behavior, green innovation, and corporate social responsibility emerge as central pathways linking HR practices with sustainability outcomes, while leadership and value-based factors shape the strength of these relationships. By integrating fragmented SEM-based evidence, this study advances the theoretical understanding of GHRM as a strategic enabler of organizational sustainability and responsible management. The study also provides practical implications for organizations seeking to embed environmental and sustainability principles into HR systems, organizational culture, and long-term sustainability strategies.

The intensification of physical climate risk presents a critical question for global sustainability governance: does exposure to climate hazards strengthen or weaken a country's environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance? This study investigates the relationship between climate vulnerability and country-level ESG performance across 63 countries over the period 2010–2024. A novel entropy-weighted composite ESG index is constructed, integrating 60 indicators across the three ESG dimensions, and climate vulnerability is measured through the ND-GAIN vulnerability index within a two-way fixed effects design. The results demonstrate that climate vulnerability significantly reduces ESG performance. Moderation analysis reveals that this adverse effect is conditional, operating through two capacity channels: climate adaptation innovation and institutional quality, each of which progressively weakens the relationship as capacity rises. Crucially, threshold regression uncovers non-linear dynamics: using industrial robot adoption as the threshold variable, the adverse effect deepens at intermediate automation intensity before weakening substantially once countries surpass a critical upper threshold. Spatial analysis further reveals a proximity pattern, whereby the adverse effect concentrates among countries distant from the lowest-vulnerability economy in their region (Japan, Canada and Switzerland) and weakens with proximity to these anchors. These findings suggest that protecting ESG performance from climate stress requires integrated policy frameworks that synchronise adaptation innovation, institutional capacity building, automation investment and regional cooperation.

This study presents the first comprehensive bibliometric review of the Creating Shared Value (CSV) literature, examining 378 peer-reviewed documents retrieved from the Scopus database over the period 2011–2025. Employing an integrated methodological framework that combines co-citation analysis, bibliographic coupling, keyword co-occurrence networks, and thematic mapping, the study systematically maps the intellectual structure, geographic distribution, and thematic evolution of CSV scholarship across three distinct developmental phases. The findings reveal a structural triple geographic gap encompassing knowledge production, international collaboration, and publication venues, which systematically marginalizes emerging economies—particularly in the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America—from the field's knowledge production. This absence is not incidental: it reflects institutional and infrastructural barriers to knowledge circulation that undermine the generalizability of CSV frameworks to the very socioeconomic contexts they were designed to address. Co-citation analysis identifies three converging intellectual traditions—competitive strategy, corporate social responsibility, and stakeholder governance—whose inherited theoretical tensions explain the persistence of conceptual disagreement more than a decade after the framework's introduction. Bibliographic coupling reveals nine contemporary research streams, while the thematic map positions the CSV–CSR–SDGs nexus in a zone of high centrality and low density, signaling that the field has achieved quantitative maturity without its qualitative counterpart—a condition this study terms “conceptual inflation.” Five prioritized research directions are proposed, targeting the field's most critical structural gaps and providing researchers, policymakers, and practitioners with a clear knowledge map to guide the field's transition from quantitative expansion toward theoretical consolidation.

This study examines ISSB sustainability reporting standards adoption intention in Morocco by addressing a central theoretical problem: why similar institutional pressures lead to heterogeneous adoption outcomes. We argue that external pressures translate into adoption intention primarily when they are cognitively internalised by organisational actors through perceived usefulness and feasibility. Using data from 335 Moroccan accounting professionals, the study tests a multi-level behavioural model linking mimetic and normative pressures to individual adoption intention through perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU). A multi-method design combining Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modelling (CB-SEM), Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA), Multi-Group Analysis (MGA), Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) and machine learning models (Random Forest and XGBoost supported by SHAP values) is employed. Results show that institutional pressures significantly influence individual adoption intention, but primarily through PU and PEOU. Importantly, PEOU emerges as a necessary condition, indicating that a minimum threshold of perceived feasibility is required before individual accounting professionals express an intention to adopt ISSB standards. PU is the strongest predictor but not indispensable. The study contributes by demonstrating that heterogeneous adoption intentions are not driven by institutional pressures alone, but by the way these pressures are cognitively interpreted and evaluated by individual accounting professionals, offering a more precise explanation of variability in ISSB adoption intention in emerging economies.

We examine the reception of Russia's post-2012 conservative turn by the country's legal academics. Based on a nationally representative survey of 3766 academic lawyers conducted in May–June 2022, we test how demographic, professional, and regional factors influence support for conservative policies. We uncover significant differences across age cohorts and professions: older lawyers, graduates of departmental law schools, and those with law enforcement backgrounds are more supportive of conservative measures, while younger scholars, those involved in international academia, and residents of major cities tend to hold more liberal views. In line with popular opinion, support for “gay propaganda” legislation is uniformly high among legal scholars. In contrast, scholars are critical of state surveillance and compulsory religious education. These findings supplement recent critiques of Karpik and Halliday's “legal complex” theory by demonstrating not only that lawyers may hold diverse and conflicting political values, but also that this variation is systematically associated with different forms of professional socialization, institutional location, and transnational academic engagement. The article thus shows how distinct segments of the legal profession become embedded in broader social and political networks that shape their orientations toward liberal and illiberal legal change. The article also contributes to the broader discussion on the role of legal elites in authoritarian settings by demonstrating that they do not form a united liberal front yet nor are they fully aligned with the conservative state agenda.